In two days, three Japanese carriers are sunk; two by submarines and one by air strikes. Chaplain Watters was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. Today, the legendary aircraft hangs in the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum. But in 1944, on her 12th patrol, she mysteriously disappears with all hands. 20 years later, his former lieutenant during the Battle of Belleau Wood (Clifton B. Cates, who will become the 19th Commandant of the Marine Corps) and Barak Mattingly (the man Stockham saved), succeed in their efforts to award Stockham the Medal of Honor, and a destroyer is later named in his honor. In addition to carrying research payloads, the Jupiter rocket also serves as America's first nuclear-tipped medium range ballistic missile. For his actions, De Wert is posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. The Battle of Cowpens ends in a decisive victory for Morgan – who defeats Tarleton in a classic double-envelopment – and a near-irrevocable loss of men, equipment, and reputation for the infamous Tarleton and his "British Legion.". 1942: 2nd Lt. (future Maj.) Richard I. Bong, flying a P-38 Lighting over Buna, scores his first of 40 kills against Japanese aircraft. 1941: The small American garrison on Wake - consisting of a few hundred Marines, sailors, and civilian contractors - repels a Japanese invasion force seeking to capture the island. 2003: Task Force Tarawa (2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade) under the command of Brig. 1944: One day after sinking the American submarine USS Grampus, the Japanese destroyers Murusame and Minegumo are themselves sunk in the Battle of Blackett Straight. Urban dashes through German fire and takes command of a tank and leads the pinned-down element on an assault against the German armor. (and brothers) James Clinton and George Clinton - who is also the governor or New York. Airborne." This day marks the climax of the air battle, as more planes and pilots are lost on "The Hardest Day" than any other during the Battle of Britain. 1 Spaceman.". Lewis L. Millett, will also be awarded the Medal of Honor - for a historic bayonet charge in February. 1846: Although heavily outnumbered, a force of Missouri militia led by Col. Alexander W. Doniphan called the "Doniphan Thousand" defeats the Mexican army at El Paso (Texas) and captures the city in one of the major battles of the Mexican-American War. He applies a tourniquet and coordinates support for his soldiers on the radio. Meanwhile, fellow 15th Infantry Regiment soldier Pvt. Felt demands to be put through to the President Lyndon Johnson, and finally gets authorization for the rescue mission. 1780: Following his successful campaign in the south, Lord Cornwallis engages Gen. Horatio Gates' force in Camden, S.C.. The sub's gun inflicts virtually no damage, but the attack marks the only time that a stateside U.S. military installation is bombarded. The "Big J" will serve a total of 21 years in the active fleet, seeing action in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. Diplomacy falls flat when the British refuse to recognize American independence on Sept. 11, and the British respond by capturing New York City four days later. While the president lost half his blood and was in shock from the gunshot, the 70-year-old former cavalry officer makes a full recovery - thanks to his fitness and the quick actions of his Secret Service agents. The opening shots of Operation "Desert Storm" are just five days away. 2002: A General Atomics MQ-1 "Predator" drone and an Iraqi MiG-25 "Foxbat" engage each other in Iraq's "no-fly zone." James Lawrence sinks the Royal Navy brig HMS Peacock in a swift action in which Peacock’s skipper, Capt. What ensues is one of the largest air battles in history as the Germans launch nearly 1,000 sorties across the English Channel. He re-enlists as a private shortly after leaving the service volunteers for combat in Korea. 1812: Immediately after war is declared, a squadron of American ships led by Commodore John Rodgers sails to intercept a British convoy sailing from Jamaica. The act creates a National Military Establishment - renamed the Department of Defense in 1949 - with the Army, Navy, and Air Force now under a unified command. Yeager's P-51D "Mustang", named Glamorous Glenn II, Yeager will score five of the group's eight victories - two without firing a shot - becoming an "ace in a day." In coming weeks, North Vietnamese forces will capture Saigon and South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally. The squadron was armed with primitive cruise missiles (surface-to-surface) such as the Republic-Ford JB-2 - a copy of Nazi Germany's V-1 buzzbomb - and the B-61 Matador missile, an improved design which could be armed with a 40-kiloton nuclear warhead. The airmen are equipped with World War II-era warplanes and conduct strikes against the communist supply lines and fly close air support missions in support of U.S. Special Forces and the South Vietnamese military. That same day, Gen. George Marshall, aide-de-camp to Gen. John J. Pershing during World War I, is promoted to Chief of Staff. American pilots will not shoot down another enemy aircraft until 2017. 1st Class Kiyoshi K. Muranaga's mortar squad is ordered to action, but the terrain is unsuitable to deploy the mortar and the squad leader tells his men to find cover as well. Parker F. Dunn volunteers for the job and races through the fire-swept terrain toward the unit. The other two are 1st Lt. Dwite H. Schaffner of the 306th Infantry and Cpl. Lawrence is selected for the Air Force's Manned Orbital Laboratory program, which will be cancelled when NASA realizes that unmanned satellites can perform the task. 1958: USS Nautilus — the world’s first nuclear-powered submarine and the U.S. Navy’s sixth so-named vessel — becomes the first “ship” to cross the North Pole. Following the amputation of Jackson’s shattered arm, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee will lament, “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right arm.”. 1945: After several days of savage fighting, U.S. Marines capture the summit of Mt. 1967: U.S. and South Vietnamese Marines conduct a joint amphibious assault of the Mekong Delta. Meanwhile, the Nazi occupation army in Italy surrenders and the last German troops in Finland evacuate. 1943: Elements of Germany's vaunted Afrika Korps clash with U.S. Army forces led by Lt. Gen. George Patton near the oasis of El Guettar in Tunisia. 1944: While escorting a bombing mission to Stuttgart, Lt. William H. Lewis shoots down five Heinkel He-111 bombers taking off from Göppingen, Germany, becoming an ace in one mission. Also on this date, during the American invasion of Luzon Island in the Philippines, Capt. 1836: Following a two-week siege, the Alamo – commanded by Lt. Col. William Barret Travis – falls to Mexican forces after the Texas garrison puts up one of the most heroic defenses in American military history. 1903: Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright pilot the first heavier than air machine. Meanwhile, President Harry Truman authorizes the use of the new atomic weapon, and Gen. Henry H. "Hap" Arnold is presented with a list of potential targets. 1941: President Franklin D. Roosevelt names William J. Donovan - a recipient of the Medal of Honor during World War I and the "Father of American Intelligence" - to the position of Coordinator of Information. 1951: Private First Class Joseph C. Rodriguez engaged in a "whirlwind assault" against a fortified hostile force on a hill near Munye-ri, Korea. As the halftrack moved on, he loaded several more wounded soldiers until they met another enemy roadblock. consisting of nine officers, 23 men, seven aircraft, portable hangars, and other gear, under Lieutenant J. H. Towers” arrives at Pensacola, Fla. aboard the battleship USS Mississippi and the bulk-cargo ship USS Orion to set up a flying school. Everyone will do his duty with utmost efforts.". during the 1864 Battle of Mobile Bay, Alabama – is appointed to the rank of admiral (the first such rank in U.S. 1941: The river gunboat USS Tutuila (PR-4) of the Yangtze Patrol becomes the first U.S. warship attacked during World War II when Japanese aircraft mistakenly bomb the vessel in Chunking, China. When an enemy grenade lands in their position, Craig throws himself on the device to shield the others from the blast. Walter M. "Wally" Schirra, Jr. (USN) becomes the fifth American in space when he orbits the earth six times in his Sigma 7 capsule. The heavy bomber prototype featured a massive 172-foot wingspan and could carry over 50,000 lbs. 1972: Although North Vietnam claimed that they had already shot down 19 B-52 bombers, this date marks the first time a "Stratofortress" falls victim to enemy surface-to-air missiles. 1918: At Belleau Wood, the site of an old French hunting preserve near Chateau-Thierry, Germans punch through the French lines, and American soldiers and Marines move up to fill the hole. One of those 5th RCT soldiers is Master Sgt. 1918: In the skies over France, German pilot Manfred von Richtofen – the infamous “Red Baron” – guns down two Sopwith Camels of the Royal Air Force's No. The signing of the Paris Peace Accords in January will effectively end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. 1947: Grumman's first jet fighter, the F9F "Panther" makes its first flight. 1918: When a battalion commander needs to send a message to an endangered company on the front lines, he realizes sending a runner would be too hazardous due to heavy incoming fire. The Crusaders land after three hours and 28 minutes, while the Skywarriors make the trip in four hours and one minute. Eddie Rickenbacker shoots down his 26th - and final - enemy aircraft over Rémonville, France. That same day, half a world away, the Treasury-class Coast Guard cutter USCGC Alexander Hamilton capsizes off the coast of Iceland after being torpedoed by the German submarine U-132, becoming the Coast Guard's first vessel lost during World War II. Automatic timers separate Lambert from his seat and deploy his parachute. 70 other countries use the "Herc", which holds the distinction of the longest production run of a military aircraft in history. That same day, the FBI announces it has captured all eight of the German military intelligence operatives that had landed in New York and Florida to sabotage American strategic targets. Lloyd W. Williams arrives, he sees French troops withdrawing from battle. - and future president - Zachary Taylor and 50 soldiers defended Fort Harrison against an attack by 600 Native Americans. 2001: At Nevada's Nellis Air Force Base, a General Atomics RQ-1 "Predator" busts a tank with an AGM-114 "Hellfire" missile during testing, marking the first armored kill by an unmanned aerial vehicle. 1964: U.S. warplanes attack targets of opportunity in northern Laos in the first strikes of Pres. 1960: The nuclear-powered submarine USS Triton (SSRN 586) arrives at the St. Peter and Paul rocks in the Atlantic Ocean, becoming the first vessel to cross the globe submerged. 1939: Just days after Germany invades Poland, kicking off what will become World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt declares a national emergency - increasing the size of the Armed Forces - in part by recalling many retired enlisted troops and officers. Gen. Anthony Wayne's Continental Army forces encamped near the Paoli Tavern near modern-day Malvern, Pa.. Grey orders his troops to only use bayonets, and has his men remove the flints from their rifles. The hijackers beat the American military passengers aboard the plane and, upon landing in Beirut, Steelworker Second Class Robert D. Stethem is tortured and murdered, his body dumped on the tarmac. After a three-week ground campaign, Baghdad has been captured by the U.S.-led Coalition. 1914: As Germany declares war on France, Britain mobilizes their military. Pitsenbarger was killed during the assault and when he is found the next day, he is holding a rifle in one hand and a medical kit in the other. When another gunner is wounded by enemy aircraft, Kingsley attends to him as well. Miller's answer: "Vietnam.". When one of the B-17s on the raid is damaged by flak and has to drop out of formation, bombardier 2nd Lt. David R. Kingsley drops his bombs and goes to the back of the aircraft to administer first aid to the wounded tail gunner. Meagher is awarded the Medal of Honor. Wave after wave of Japanese soldiers are cut down by the Marines, killing well over 700 attackers - including the Japanese commander - while inflicting nearly 100 percent casualties. The Reaper's operators, remotely piloting the vehicle from Creech Air Force Base in Nevada, drop 500-pound bombs on the enemy combatants, marking the first time bombs are dropped by a UAV in combat. 1836: Texas Army forces led by Gen. Sam Houston surprise and decisively defeat Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna’s Mexican army in the Battle of San Jacinto. Captain Luttrell quickly ensured all members of the assault force remained in covered positions and immediately provided terminal guidance for a decisive, precision strike by supporting close air support platforms to neutralize the fortified enemy. The 30,0000-man Japanese garrison force is wiped out, but the Battle of Saipan is the costliest campaign in the Pacific War to date with over 12,000 American casualties - including (soon-to-be) famous actor Lee Marvin, then a Marine Corps private, who was twice wounded in the assault on Mount Tapochau. The 150 volunteers are annihilated; half are killed in the four-hour battle. The outnumbered defenders repel repeated attacks and eventually drive off the NVA forces. After sinking the most subs by any ship in history, Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Ernest J. Benjamin O. Davis, Sr., who served in the Spanish-American War, the Philippine-American War, and both World Wars, had been the first black man ever promoted to the rank of general in the United States Armed Forces. 1944: Although assigned as a gunnery instructor and advised not to actively seek out combat, Maj. Richard I. Bong, America's all-time leading ace, volunteers for several missions between Oct. 10 and Nov. 11, shooting down eight Japanese warplanes from his P-38 Lightning fighter. 14 Japanese fighters take off to engage the Americans, killing Sgt. Roy W. Harmon's orders his squad forward to neutralize the positions. Brig. 1918: Brig. bombs. 1942: As U.S. and Philippine soldiers conduct a delaying action on Luzon Island, 26th Cavalry Regiment troopers and their Philippine Scouts spot a detachment of Japanese troops approaching the town of Morong. 1918: Eight pilots of the 96th Aero Squadron conduct the first-ever American bombing mission, attacking rail yards at Etain, France. On this day during intense fighting on Okinawa's Shuri Line, Doss was hit badly and was in the process of being carted off the battlefield when he spots a more seriously injured solder. During the battle, 90 percent of Marine commissioned and non-commissioned officers are killed by snipers, memorialized by the "blood stripe" on the Marine Corps' Dress Blue trousers. Nathan Hale is the only man to step forward. Adm. Forces in the European Theater, is killed when the B-24 Liberator bomber carrying the former cavalry trooper and pilot during World War I to Iceland on an inspection tour crashes. On this day, President Truman authorizes Naval and air operations south of the 38th Parallel and dispatches the 7th Fleet to Taiwan to prevent hostilities from spreading elsewhere in Asia. James I. Mestrovitch, an ethnic Serb who emigrated to the United States in 1913, spots his wounded company commander lying in the middle of a killzone 30 yards past friendly lines. The Apollo 11 crew orbit the earth one-and-a-half times before firing their rockets on a course for the moon that will take them three days. 1969: Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird introduces "Vietnamization," the Nixon Administration's plan to gradually withdraw U.S. combat forces while preparing the South Vietnamese to assume responsibility for the conflict, which had already cost over 30,000 American lives. The mission behind enemy lines is a failure - dozens of tanks and vehicles are lost and only 35 men return, with the remaining would-be rescuers themselves becoming prisoners. The Chinese offensive soon grinds to a halt and Ridgway will lead a counteroffensive in the spring. 1968: In South Vietnam's Quang Tri Province, the North Vietnamese Army launches an attack against 3rd Battalion, 4th Marines. Over 100 sailors are killed and the crippled flattops must sail back to the United States for repairs. Two of the crippled warplanes crash-land in France, one in Belgium, and another in England. His weapons systems officer, Capt. Dalessondro remains behind and is last heard calling for mortar strike on his own position as enemy troops surround and are poised to overtake him. On this date, the U.S. Navy begins a four-day evacuation that saves some 30,000 South Vietnamese from the communist invasion. 1861: Brig. The cannon and armaments are sent to Boston where they will be used to break the British siege. 1781: A 2,500-man force of British and Hessian troops led by Gen. William Phillips lands at City Point (Va.). The sub bottoms out in 180 feet of water, but nine crew members - including skipper Richard O'Kane - escape in the only known successful use of the Momsen rebreather. 1847: Over 11,000 American soldiers and a company-sized (though referred to as a battalion) force of Marines under the overall command of U.S. Army Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott and "Home Squadron" Commodore David E. Conner begin landing at Collado Beach, Mexico, just south of Vera Cruz. Thomas Truxtun defeats the French frigate La Vengeance under Capt. Naval history. - the first transatlantic flight of a non-rigid, lighter-than-air aircraft. Thresher is the first nuclear sub lost at sea and the event marks the largest loss of life in submarine history. 1944 (D-Day Plus Six): Paratroopers of the 101st Airborne Division capture Carentan after three days of heavy urban combat, linking the Utah and Omaha beachheads. 1950: Gen. Douglas MacArthur begins a heavy air campaign against North Korean targets, including bridges over the Yalu River, violating orders from the Joint Chiefs of Staff that restricted operations within five miles of North Korea's border with China. 1863: When the Union attempts an amphibious invasion in Texas to prevent the Mexican government from supplying the Confederacy, well-trained artillerymen at Fort Griffin blast the Union ships as they unsuccessfully attempt to navigate the shallow waters of the Sabine River. Of the 376 B-17s that flew, 96 are shot down and another 95 are unable to be used again. Peterson was an Air Force F-4C Phantom II pilot on his 67th combat mission of the Vietnam War and would spend the next six-and-a-half years as a prisoner. I came off the USS Petrel ASR-14 after going to SK school in Newport RI. In addition to establishing the Rio Grande as the border between the two countries, the territory acquired by the U.S. included what will become the states of Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, most of New Mexico and Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.". Roberts tells his companion, "Well, only one of us can get out, and out you go." Nixon's decision to begin military incursion into Cambodia, Ohio National Guard units open fire on protestors at Kent State University. Grant was one of the first baseball players to join the Armed Forces during World War I. The Americans' obsolete anti-tank weapons are no match for the Soviet-built T-34 tanks, who quickly overrun the task force. 1950: After a month of combat, the 1st Marine Brigade (Provisional) is pulled from the lines and sent to Japan to join the 1st and 7th Marine Regiments for the upcoming amphibious invasion at Inchon. Thousands more will not survive the prison camps or the so-called "hell ships" delivering them to labor facilities in Japan. 1943: After flying 25 missions over Europe, the B-17F "Flying Fortress" known as Memphis Belle is flying back to the United States for a publicity tour. For his actions, Hackney becomes the first living recipient of the Air Force Cross. The four-hour spaceflight is the first time a spacecraft makes an orbital maneuver and is the first time NASA sends two men into space. Despite only one engine still functioning, he regains control of the aircraft and continues to lead the formation as they successfully bomb the target. 1864: Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's forces assault Union-held Fort Sanders. Instead of targeting Royal Air Force bases, the warplanes hit London's East End, marking the first day of the London Blitz. Lyndon Johnson to strike back by ordering the bombing of military targets along the de-militarized zone and in North Vietnam. 1961: President John F. Kennedy approves the deployment of 400 Special Forces soldiers (Green Berets) and 100 CIA operatives to Vietnam to train South Vietnamese forces. George Philips, who leapt on an enemy grenade to shield his comrades from the deadly blast - sacrificing his life. Jordan was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. 1917: British intelligence intercepts a coded telegram from the German government requesting an alliance with Mexico if the U.S. enters World War I. 1952: President Harry S. Truman authorizes a B-47 Stratojet reconnaissance overflight of the Soviet Union’s Chukostky Peninsula (just across the Bering Strait from Alaska). By this time, the Mighty Eighth had flown more than 250,000 bomber and 210,000 fighter sorties, delivering well over half a million tons of bombs and destroying 13,000 enemy planes. 1942: Vice Adm. Frank J. Fletcher's Task Force 61 and a Japanese carrier division converge in the Solomon Islands as Japanese troops attempt to reinforce Guadalcanal. In one day, the ground campaign of Operation DESERT STORM will begin. His citation states: "As the leader of three Shrike-configured aircraft, Captain Estocin was responsible for providing warning, detection, and suppression of hostile surface-to-air missile activity directed at elements of the main strike group conducting a coordinated attack against the Dong Phong Thuong Railroad Bridge north of Thanh Hoa, North Vietnam. David McCampbell and wingman Ens. The Battle of Attu is the only land combat on American soil during World War II. Baer flew with the French Escadrille Américaine prior to America's entry into World War II, and will ultimately claim nine confirmed victories (plus an additional seven unconfirmed) before being shot down himself and spending the rest of the war in a German prisoner of war camp. 1942: Commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku orders his fleet to withdraw from the Battle of Midway. 1947: Mikhail Kalashnikov's iconic AK-47 assault rifle goes into production in the Soviet Union. The mile-long bridge is the only span across the Red River connecting Hanoi and Haiphong Harbor, also withstanding strike after strike and becomes a symbol of communist resistance to the U.S. bombing campaign. Although the Confederate defenders are heavily outnumbered, the marshy terrain and fortifications spell disaster for Union. Lewis Warrington that the war ended months ago, Warrington orders his men to open fire, inflicting over a dozen casualties on the British - the last naval action of the War of 1812. Of the 2,750 men to enter the unit at Burma, only two were not wounded or killed. Weedon E. Osborne - a medical officer attached to the 6th Marines - is killed by an enemy shell while carrying the wounded to safety. 1944: Congress creates the temporary, five-star grades of Fleet Admiral and General of the Army. For his heroic actions, Reem was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. Central High School, ending racial segregation. Operation VIGILANT WARRIOR winds down by the end of the month when Saddam Hussein withdraws his forces. Unable to put out the fire pot that threatened the dangerous cargo, he throws it overboard. The photos reveal Soviet staging areas for bombers that can now target much of the Continental United States. When Meagher comes to, he grabs a machinegun from the tank and begins a furious one-man assault. 1916: At 11:00 a.m. over Villers-Pouich, France, a German Albatros D.II fighter closes in on a Royal Air Force scout bomber and shoots it out the sky. Gen. Irvin McDowell during the First Battle of Bull Run, known to many Southerners as First Manassas. The Mexicans will retreat to a seemingly more defensible position at Resaca de la Palma the following day, but Taylor will pursue and beat them badly there too. German intelligence discovers the files and shift reinforcements.
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