0000001926 00000 n While the accelerators used in polyester resin manufacture are almost always cobalt products, a company in the Netherlands is developing alternatives that use no cobalt or a smaller amount of cobalt. The polyester resin-based adhesives can be divided into two distinctive groups: saturated thermoplastic and unsaturated thermosetting resins. of MEKP to 1 gallon of polyester resin. Cobalt is also a byproduct in the mining of nickel, silver, lead and iron ores, and it is found in meteorites. ��hry/� �%qS�B���>��JdM����|}gv�e�i�8��=s�̙��Y<9Y���'��W`��g�09�tk�JLN�����f���� � �B3�!^O�i�����l d��6m�|u�M�ߌ}� ��p{�ql+�s˴,S�'�����. The building blocks of polyester resin are called monomers. Dispensers are advised for accuracy. 0000009357 00000 n Usually 0.1 to 1% (based on the mass of resin) of cobalt 6% type promoter is added. The Ratio of Hardener to Polyester Resin Catalyst. Catalyst for polyester resins and gelcoats. For example, with Derakane 411 VE MEKP 1%, CoNap 0.25%, 2.4-P 0, gel time 21min @ 25C Polyester resin is one of the more common forms of resins - epoxy resin being another very common form. Unsaturated polyester resin is a thermoset, capable of being cured from a liquid or solid state when subject to the right conditions. Resin + 50 Kg. Resin formulators are … It is used to make many items, including wall and ceiling panels, car engine covers and circuit breakers for electrical appliances. The initiator was a solution of MEKP diluted in … The standard ratio is 1 oz. Cobalt in salt form has been a main ingredient in vinyl ester and unsaturated polyester for many years, but concerns in Europe and the U.S. about the carcinogenicity of cobalt metals likely will mean that this chemical will soon face restrictions. STORAGE CONDITIONS It is shipped at ambient temperature. We usually express this in terms of percentage ie:1% catalyst to resin = 10ml of catalyst to 1kg of resin. Avoid using too much wax as it will result in fish eye and other undesirable results. 0000000872 00000 n The cobalt accelerator was a solution of cobalt salts diluted in styrene and white spirit of 12% (w/w) cobalt content, which was mixed into the resin first, before the MEKP initiator. A combination of DMA and cobalt promoters can be used in conjunction with MEKP to give fast cure of polyester resins. - The potlife of the polyester resin is hardly influenced by the addition of cobalt accelerator - Cobalt accelerators have a rather small influence on the resin color. 4|���#8�s�ReҶS�S�q"��Ӌl�ǿa�;&2�%���9��(�H��ڎCݓ}c���L1���e���M4%�1wEo�� Hemera Technologies/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images. 0000023316 00000 n She earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from University of California, Los Angeles. Polyester resins are synthetic resins formed by the reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols.Maleic Anhydride is a commonly used raw material with diacid functionality in unsaturated polyester resins. The UP resin was prepared by reacting the glycolyzed product with maleic anhy-dride (MA) and phthalic anhydride (PA) to a Þxed ratio of 1.2:1 for the hydroxyl to carboxyl groups. 114 0 obj <> endobj It has been assumed that they represent two independent cure reactions. The molar ratio The hydroxyl number of the glycolyzed products before free glycol removal was used to determine the amount of anhydrides. 0000005113 00000 n <]>> Cobalt Chelating Resin* 100ml . ��X`:.��g��eS>��Xpi���׫���q�~\�\�|=���)Dv�0�'��O��-�«GF��T# EXPERIMENTAL 2.1. 0000015094 00000 n The DSC curves show two exothermic peaks. The company, AkzoNobel, launched the first of its alternative accelerators late in 2010 and plans to launch additional cobalt-free alternatives in 2011. It has been assumed that they represent two independent cure reactions. You can use more or less catalyst to change the amount of time it takes to harden but don't use much less than 2 percent. 0000023817 00000 n A rule of thumb for polyester laminating resin is between 1% and 2% i.e. 0000015038 00000 n A high promoter/peroxide ratio is used. J D N Shaw, in Plant Engineer's Handbook, 2001. However it wasn’t until 1735 that a Swedish chemist isolated and named the metal. Accelerators activate the initiator, promoting the decomposition of the initiator as the resin cures at room temperature. The curing of an unsaturated polyester resin catalyzed with methylethylketone peroxide and cobalt octoate as promoter is studied by DSC at different heating rates. 0000003417 00000 n Unsaturated polyester based adhesives usually involve the reaction between a dibasic acid or an anhydride and a diol. In case of P- toluenesulfonic acid, the peak exotherm as well as heat release rate were found to be less than that of other catalysts, viz., lead dioxide (PbO 2) and zink acetate dihydrate ((CH 3COO) 2 Zn)) 7. So, you have 10.8 kg of fibreglass matting, 10.8 x 2 = 21.6 kg of Resin minimum, say 25kg of resin to be safe. 786- 402 . x�bb�b`b``�� �2 For thousands of years people have used cobalt to make a blue dye. Catalyst agents are usually sold with the hardener but can be purchased separately as well. Cross-link density determines the strength of the finished product. 1999; Porath 1992). !�0���Y��|�McnY���ط�����>�s,O*T* "����L�b�f���M���;��������W�2�0��wm�w!�L� Polyester resin … But small amounts of cobalt can make the difference between a strong, usable finished product and one that is cracked or flawed. For smaller quantities, please refer to the ratios below. TALON resin is based on the cobalt ion, which is highly selective for his-tagged proteins (Chaga et. The accelerators, or promoters, are almost always a form of cobalt metal salt (cobalt naphthenate, cobalt octoate, or cobalt neodecanoate). To facilitate uniform gel time throughout the part by varying the mixing ratio of resin … %PDF-1.4 %���� Resin + 17.5 Kg. rQ�{.Z��7.�� i[wٞ׹k. Cobalt Chelating Resin* 10ml . 141 0 obj <>stream The table below gives the correct ratios of catalyst to resin and gelcoat by weight. For example, it enhances the performance of rechargeable batteries. The exact amount of promoter added to the resin will depend on the resin used, the temperature in the workshop and the gel time desired. TALON resin: cobalt is the key to his-tagged protein purification. An initiator, which is usually a peroxide, begins the process by decomposing into highly reactive molecule fractions that start a chain reaction. The reaction of polyester will occur at the thickest cross section sending out a wave of heat, which cures resin to a solid glass-like hardness. Resin is calculated between 2 – 2.5: 1 Resin to Glass ratio. UP resin and curingagents were supplied by Mechemco Resins Pvt. 0000001107 00000 n The DSC curves show two exothermic peaks. It also enhances the high-temperature strength of alloys used in just engines. Cobalt Chelating Resin* 2 x 500ml *Cobalt Chelating Resin is supplied as a 50% slurry in 20% ethanol . Cobalt naphthenate (CoNap) 0-0.3%--in combination with MEKP Dimethyl aniline (DMA) 0-0.3%--in combination with BPO and MEKP Gel time for a given resin depends on initiator level, promoter level, second promoter level, and temperature. It is relatively inexpensive and has a variety of uses. A high promoter/peroxide ratio is used. 2. 0000002082 00000 n As such it is an essential trace dietary mineral for all animals. 0 0000013646 00000 n Resin is a thick fiberglass liquid that when mixed with 2 percent catalyst becomes a solid. For polyester Gelcoats used in a moulding situation, we recommend from 2% to 2.5%catalyst. ! H��W�n�F}�W�K Upon arrival, store it refrigerated at 4 qC, DO NOT FREEZE . Our Unsaturated Polyester Resins are used in the Marine, Transport, Automotive, and Building industries. Cobalt Chelating Resin* 500ml . 0000007919 00000 n But small amounts of cobalt can make the difference between a strong, usable finished product and one that is cracked or flawed. 0000001899 00000 n - By varying the quantity of cobalt octoate, the reaction speed can be rather well adapted to the working circumstances. 786- 600 . When it comes to the marine industry, polyester resin is the most common as it is more rigid than it's epoxy counterpart. US3398213A US44754765A US3398213A US 3398213 A US3398213 A US 3398213A US 44754765 A US44754765 A US 44754765A US 3398213 A US3398213 A US 3398213A Authority US United States Prior art keywords resin cobalt peroxide ethyl ketone methyl ethyl Prior art date 1965-04-12 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Measurement. The hardener used with polyester resin is also called a catalyst. 0000018269 00000 n Usually the cobalt accelerator is added at about 0.01 phr (parts per hundred resin), although the amount varies depending on the finished product. Polyester resin is a synthetic resin (that is, it starts off as a fluid and hardens). Alison Imbriaco has over 15 years of copy-editing experience, editing books, articles and manuals. If the Gelcoat that is applied at just over 0.5mm and 6 layers of Glass each 1mm, your laminate should be approximately 6 -7 mm thick. cobalt octoate was used as redox initiation system for curing the unsaturated polyester resin used. startxref With two principal types used as standard laminating systems; orthophthalic polyester is considered the standard, basic, general purpose resin. Materials Phthalic anhydride (PA) and maleic anhydride (MA) were supplied by E. Merk India Ltd., Bombay. 0000006330 00000 n 0000002941 00000 n 114 28 The resin is not discolored by U.V.light. 2nd Coat Ratio – 35 Kg. Polyester resins such as these are of the ‘unsaturated’ type. MEKP has 8% active oxygen content whereas cobalt octoate has 3% cobalt con-tent. Usually the cobalt accelerator is added at about 0.01 phr (parts per hundred resin), although the amount varies depending on the finished product. The chart below indicates how much additive to add to wax-free gelcoat or polyester resin. Thorough mixing of catalyst into resins and gelcoat is very important. Copyright 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. 0000002243 00000 n 0000001279 00000 n 0000003380 00000 n Also the correct additions should be observed to maintain good results. Cobalt has many uses today. Usual ratio 1.25 to 2%. Ltd., Mumbai, India. It is also used in beer--it goes on to say. Styrene, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), and cobalt naphthenate were supplied by Sharon Enterprises, Cochin. Cobalt Development Institute: Sources of Cobalt, Radiochemistry Society;Periodic Table fo the Elements; Cobalt. Frequently the user will identify a resin system by name and provide detailed laminate construc-tions for particular applications. This bonding, or cross linking, process is known as free radical copolymerization. Amount of Gelcoat or Polyester Resin w/o Wax: Quantity of Wax Additive Required: 1 ounce: … 0000018032 00000 n Cobalt – 150 grams White Pigment – 100 grams 1% … %%EOF Cobalt-based products are added to the polyester resin to ensure proper curing or hardening to a solid state. 0000010798 00000 n A resin manufacturer can make many types of polyester resins to suit the many different uses. Nothing however on using it in Polyester resin! 9.5.6 Polyester resin mortars. The monomers form polymer chains. The curing of an unsaturated polyester resin catalyzed with methylethylketone peroxide and cobalt octoate as promoter is studied by DSC at different heating rates. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>/Outlines 1 0 R/Metadata 14 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 13 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/StructTreeRoot 16 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20130606150718)/PageLabels 11 0 R>> endobj 116 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 117 0 obj [118 0 R] endobj 118 0 obj <>/A 132 0 R/F 4/H/I/StructParent 1/Border[0 0 0]/Type/Annot>> endobj 119 0 obj <> endobj 120 0 obj <> endobj 121 0 obj <> endobj 122 0 obj <> endobj 123 0 obj [/ICCBased 133 0 R] endobj 124 0 obj <>stream 786- 403 . It is usual to refer to unsaturated polyester resins as ‘polyester resins’, or simply as ‘polyesters’. ATH Ratio 1:0.5 Hardener – 1 Kg. 0000012247 00000 n A set At the time of publication, 39 percent of the cobalt in use comes from Africa — especially the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia — where it is a byproduct of copper mining. The chemical structures of these monomers are different, depending on the type of resin needed. MEKP Ratio Chart Polyester Resin Polyester resin cures by an exothermic (heat) reaction created by promoters (cobalt & amine) and activator Methyl Ethel Ketone Peroxide (MEKP). 0000000016 00000 n Ratio. 0000002777 00000 n A reactive diluent then bonds the polymer chains. trailer Catalyst Chart Volume of Catalyst to Be Used with Polyester Resins Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide-Percent by Weight 1% 1.25% 1.5% 1.75% Resin(1) Volume Drop cc oz Drop cc oz Drop cc oz Drop cc oz 4 ounce 32 1-1/4 1/32 40 1-1/2 3/64 48 1-3/4 1/16 56 2 1/16+ 0000023586 00000 n t�,��ef�R��*o�Ӽ*���3�ns��q��5��#��eRY���º^_~Y���-j8ϓ�o�C/vFT�vH���*S� Always consult the resin technical data sheet. endstream endobj 140 0 obj <>/Size 114/Type/XRef>>stream Polyester resin is the most commonly used type of resin and the cheapest. During the curing process, the reactive diluent, which is usually styrene, begins the cross-linking process that bonds the polymer chains until the resin forms a gel and then hardens. the resin selection, detailed service information is needed. Cobalt – 150 grams White Pigment – 100 grams. Cobalt is the active center of coenzymes called cobalamins, the most common example of which is vitamin B12. ATH Ratio 1:1.5 Hardener – 1 Kg. base resin 6. 1 oz resin: 20 drops MEKP 16 oz resin: 1/8 oz MEKP 32 oz resin: 1/4 oz MEKP 64 oz resin: 1/2 oz MEKP Without special catalysts, they cure only at elevated temperatures. al. She has also written feature articles for a community newspaper and books about endangered species for middle school students. In this case it is especially preferred that the weight ratio of the cobalt catalyst to the magnesium compound, on basis of the weight of the cobalt and the magnesium, is from ≤50:1 to 1:≤50 ... “base polymer” or “base resin” characterizes that the polyester, polymer or resin constitutes the predominant component, i.e. 0000017788 00000 n xref Polyester resin is ubiquitous in modern life. 1st Coat Ratio – 35 Kg. 0000001553 00000 n 1% for summer (to give maximum wetting time) and 2% for winter. system of 0.03/2.0 weight ratio, respectively. Synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin 263 Figure1.Structures of UPE prepared by different procedures. For Poly Resin / Polyester Resin / Resin. The fabricator should demand the data even when the customer clearly specifies a particular resin and inquires about the accept - ability of alternate resins. Polyester Resin Supplies. x�b``�```Uc �p7T��,�T��30H3�r�``d�H�ۤb��e���catX�buk(ëY7�j�c>#�`������9�in�4; �Ķ@����Q�n g��g`(�g� ` 7��
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